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This is a guide on all the different Arduino's
The Arduino Uno is the most common Arduino because it has a normal amount of IO. Also, there is no need to solder
The Leonardo has the same form-factor as the Uno but can be used as an HID device, like a game-pad or "button-box" and such
The Mega 2560 is extremely common. It has over three times IO than the UNO. If you need a lot of LEDs, or pins to use, the MEGA is a good choice for this
The Micro is good to use on a breadboard. Also compact this has the same chip as the Leonardo
The Due also has a lot of IO, has more memory than the Mega 2560 which also makes it a great starter board
The nano has the same chip as the Uno so can be used in a final product. Many times it's easiest to prototype on an UNO, then when all the debugging is done, use the NANO for the final product
The Zero uses 3.3v instead of the normal 5v. Also is a 32-bit board so it can process a lot faster.
Below is a chart of the more common Arduino boards
Name | UNO | Leonardo | Mega 2560 | Micro | Due | nano | Zero |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MICROCONTROLLER | ATmega328P | ATmega32u4 | ATmega2560 | ATmega32U4 | AT91SAM3X8E | ATmega328 | ATSAMD21G18 |
OPERATING VOLTAGE | 5V | 5V | 5V | 5V | 3.3V | 5 V | 3.3V |
INPUT VOLTAGE (RECOMMENDED) | 7-12V | 7-12V | 7-12V | 7-12V | 7-12V | 7-12V | 6-12v |
INPUT VOLTAGE (LIMIT) | 6-20V | 6-20V | 6-20V | N/A | 6-16V | 8 | 6-12v |
DIGITAL I/O PINS | 14 | 20 | 54 | 20 | 54 | 22 | 20 |
PWM DIGITAL I/O PINS | 6 | 7 | 16 | 7 | 12 | 6 | 10 |
ANALOG INPUT PINS | 6 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 6 | 6, 12-bit |
DC CURRENT PER I/O PIN | 20 mA | 40 mA | 20 mA | 20 mA | 22 mA | 40 mA | 16 mA |
DC CURRENT FOR 3.3V PIN | 50 mA | 50 mA | 50 mA | 50 mA | 130 mA | 7 mA | |
FLASH MEMORY | 32 KB | 32 KB | 256 KB | 32 KB | 32 KB | 256 KB | |
SRAM | 2 KB | 2.5 KB | 8 KB | 2.5 KB | 2 KB | 32 KB | |
EEPROM | 1 KB | 1 KB | 4 KB | 1 KB | 512 KB | 1 KB | |
CLOCK SPEED | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 96 KB | 16 MHz | 48 MHz |
LED_BUILTIN | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
LENGTH | 68.6 mm | 68.6 mm | 101.52 mm | 48 mm | 101.52 mm | 18 mm | 68 mm |
WIDTH | 53.4 mm | 53.3 mm | 53.3 mm | 18 mm | 53.3 mm | 45 mm | 53 mm |
WEIGHT | 25 g | 20 g | 37 g | 13 g | 36 g | 7 g | 12 gr. |